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//===- GenerateCode.cpp - Functions for generating executable files  ------===//
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// 
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//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
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//
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// This file was developed by the LLVM research group and is distributed under
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// the University of Illinois Open Source License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
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// 
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//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
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//
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// This file contains functions for generating executable files once linking
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// has finished.  This includes generating a shell script to run the JIT or
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// a native executable derived from the bytecode.
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//
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//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
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#include "llvm-ld.h"
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#include "llvm/Linker.h"
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#include "llvm/Module.h"
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#include "llvm/PassManager.h"
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#include "llvm/Analysis/LoadValueNumbering.h"
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#include "llvm/Analysis/Passes.h"
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#include "llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h"
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#include "llvm/Bytecode/WriteBytecodePass.h"
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#include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
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#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO.h"
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#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
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#include "llvm/Support/SystemUtils.h"
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#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
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using namespace llvm;
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namespace {
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  cl::opt<bool>
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  DisableInline("disable-inlining", cl::desc("Do not run the inliner pass"));
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  cl::opt<bool>
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  Verify("verify", cl::desc("Verify intermediate results of all passes"));
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  cl::opt<bool>
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  DisableOptimizations("disable-opt",
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                       cl::desc("Do not run any optimization passes"));
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}
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/// CopyEnv - This function takes an array of environment variables and makes a
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/// copy of it.  This copy can then be manipulated any way the caller likes
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/// without affecting the process's real environment.
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///
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/// Inputs:
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///  envp - An array of C strings containing an environment.
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///
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/// Return value:
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///  NULL - An error occurred.
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///
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///  Otherwise, a pointer to a new array of C strings is returned.  Every string
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///  in the array is a duplicate of the one in the original array (i.e. we do
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///  not copy the char *'s from one array to another).
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///
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static char ** CopyEnv(char ** const envp) {
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  // Count the number of entries in the old list;
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  unsigned entries;   // The number of entries in the old environment list
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  for (entries = 0; envp[entries] != NULL; entries++)
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    /*empty*/;
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  // Add one more entry for the NULL pointer that ends the list.
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  ++entries;
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  // If there are no entries at all, just return NULL.
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  if (entries == 0)
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    return NULL;
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  // Allocate a new environment list.
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  char **newenv = new char* [entries];
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  if ((newenv = new char* [entries]) == NULL)
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    return NULL;
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  // Make a copy of the list.  Don't forget the NULL that ends the list.
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  entries = 0;
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  while (envp[entries] != NULL) {
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    newenv[entries] = new char[strlen (envp[entries]) + 1];
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    strcpy (newenv[entries], envp[entries]);
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    ++entries;
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  }
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  newenv[entries] = NULL;
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  return newenv;
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}
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/// RemoveEnv - Remove the specified environment variable from the environment
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/// array.
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///
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/// Inputs:
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///  name - The name of the variable to remove.  It cannot be NULL.
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///  envp - The array of environment variables.  It cannot be NULL.
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///
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/// Notes:
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///  This is mainly done because functions to remove items from the environment
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///  are not available across all platforms.  In particular, Solaris does not
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///  seem to have an unsetenv() function or a setenv() function (or they are
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///  undocumented if they do exist).
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///
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static void RemoveEnv(const char * name, char ** const envp) {
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  for (unsigned index=0; envp[index] != NULL; index++) {
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    // Find the first equals sign in the array and make it an EOS character.
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    char *p = strchr (envp[index], '=');
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    if (p == NULL)
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      continue;
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    else
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      *p = '\0';
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    // Compare the two strings.  If they are equal, zap this string.
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    // Otherwise, restore it.
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    if (!strcmp(name, envp[index]))
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      *envp[index] = '\0';
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    else
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      *p = '=';
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  }
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  return;
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}
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static inline void addPass(PassManager &PM, Pass *P) {
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  // Add the pass to the pass manager...
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  PM.add(P);
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  // If we are verifying all of the intermediate steps, add the verifier...
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  if (Verify) PM.add(createVerifierPass());
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}
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/// GenerateBytecode - generates a bytecode file from the specified module.
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///
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/// Inputs:
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///  M           - The module for which bytecode should be generated.
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///  Strip       - Flags whether symbols should be stripped from the output.
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///  Internalize - Flags whether all symbols should be marked internal.
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///  Out         - Pointer to file stream to which to write the output.
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///
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/// Returns non-zero value on error.
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///
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int llvm::GenerateBytecode(Module *M, bool Strip, bool Internalize,
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                           std::ostream *Out) {
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  // In addition to just linking the input from GCC, we also want to spiff it up
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  // a little bit.  Do this now.
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  PassManager Passes;
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  if (Verify) Passes.add(createVerifierPass());
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  // Add an appropriate TargetData instance for this module...
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  addPass(Passes, new TargetData("gccld", M));
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  // Often if the programmer does not specify proper prototypes for the
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  // functions they are calling, they end up calling a vararg version of the
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  // function that does not get a body filled in (the real function has typed
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  // arguments).  This pass merges the two functions.
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  addPass(Passes, createFunctionResolvingPass());
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  if (!DisableOptimizations) {
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    if (Internalize) {
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      // Now that composite has been compiled, scan through the module, looking
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      // for a main function.  If main is defined, mark all other functions
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      // internal.
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      addPass(Passes, createInternalizePass());
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    }
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    // Now that we internalized some globals, see if we can hack on them!
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    addPass(Passes, createGlobalOptimizerPass());
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    // Linking modules together can lead to duplicated global constants, only
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    // keep one copy of each constant...
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    addPass(Passes, createConstantMergePass());
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    // If the -s command line option was specified, strip the symbols out of the
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    // resulting program to make it smaller.  -s is a GCC option that we are
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    // supporting.
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    if (Strip)
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      addPass(Passes, createSymbolStrippingPass());
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    // Propagate constants at call sites into the functions they call.
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    addPass(Passes, createIPConstantPropagationPass());
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    // Remove unused arguments from functions...
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    addPass(Passes, createDeadArgEliminationPass());
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    if (!DisableInline)
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      addPass(Passes, createFunctionInliningPass()); // Inline small functions
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    addPass(Passes, createPruneEHPass());            // Remove dead EH info
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    addPass(Passes, createGlobalDCEPass());          // Remove dead functions
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    // If we didn't decide to inline a function, check to see if we can
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    // transform it to pass arguments by value instead of by reference.
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    addPass(Passes, createArgumentPromotionPass());
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    // The IPO passes may leave cruft around.  Clean up after them.
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    addPass(Passes, createInstructionCombiningPass());
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    addPass(Passes, createScalarReplAggregatesPass()); // Break up allocas
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    // Run a few AA driven optimizations here and now, to cleanup the code.
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    addPass(Passes, createGlobalsModRefPass());      // IP alias analysis
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    addPass(Passes, createLICMPass());               // Hoist loop invariants
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    addPass(Passes, createLoadValueNumberingPass()); // GVN for load instrs
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    addPass(Passes, createGCSEPass());               // Remove common subexprs
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    addPass(Passes, createDeadStoreEliminationPass()); // Nuke dead stores
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    // Cleanup and simplify the code after the scalar optimizations.
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    addPass(Passes, createInstructionCombiningPass());
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    // Delete basic blocks, which optimization passes may have killed...
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    addPass(Passes, createCFGSimplificationPass());
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    // Now that we have optimized the program, discard unreachable functions...
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    addPass(Passes, createGlobalDCEPass());
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  }
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  // Make sure everything is still good.
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  Passes.add(createVerifierPass());
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  // Add the pass that writes bytecode to the output file...
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  addPass(Passes, new WriteBytecodePass(Out));
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  // Run our queue of passes all at once now, efficiently.
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  Passes.run(*M);
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  return 0;
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}
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/// GenerateAssembly - generates a native assembly language source file from the
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/// specified bytecode file.
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///
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/// Inputs:
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///  InputFilename  - The name of the output bytecode file.
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///  OutputFilename - The name of the file to generate.
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///  llc            - The pathname to use for LLC.
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///  envp           - The environment to use when running LLC.
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///
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/// Return non-zero value on error.
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///
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int llvm::GenerateAssembly(const std::string &OutputFilename,
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                           const std::string &InputFilename,
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                           const std::string &llc,
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                           char ** const envp) {
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  // Run LLC to convert the bytecode file into assembly code.
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  const char *cmd[6];
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  cmd[0] = llc.c_str();
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  cmd[1] = "-f";
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  cmd[2] = "-o";
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  cmd[3] = OutputFilename.c_str();
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  cmd[4] = InputFilename.c_str();
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  cmd[5] = 0;
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  return ExecWait(cmd, envp);
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}
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/// GenerateAssembly - generates a native assembly language source file from the
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/// specified bytecode file.
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int llvm::GenerateCFile(const std::string &OutputFile,
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                        const std::string &InputFile,
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                        const std::string &llc, char ** const envp) {
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  // Run LLC to convert the bytecode file into C.
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  const char *cmd[7];
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  cmd[0] = llc.c_str();
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  cmd[1] = "-march=c";
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  cmd[2] = "-f";
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  cmd[3] = "-o";
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  cmd[4] = OutputFile.c_str();
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  cmd[5] = InputFile.c_str();
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  cmd[6] = 0;
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  return ExecWait(cmd, envp);
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}
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/// GenerateNative - generates a native assembly language source file from the
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/// specified assembly source file.
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///
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/// Inputs:
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///  InputFilename  - The name of the output bytecode file.
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///  OutputFilename - The name of the file to generate.
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///  Libraries      - The list of libraries with which to link.
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///  LibPaths       - The list of directories in which to find libraries.
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///  gcc            - The pathname to use for GGC.
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///  envp           - A copy of the process's current environment.
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///
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/// Outputs:
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///  None.
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///
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/// Returns non-zero value on error.
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///
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int llvm::GenerateNative(const std::string &OutputFilename,
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                         const std::string &InputFilename,
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                         const std::vector<std::string> &Libraries,
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                         const std::vector<std::string> &LibPaths,
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                         const std::string &gcc, char ** const envp) {
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  // Remove these environment variables from the environment of the
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  // programs that we will execute.  It appears that GCC sets these
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  // environment variables so that the programs it uses can configure
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  // themselves identically.
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  //
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  // However, when we invoke GCC below, we want it to use its normal
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  // configuration.  Hence, we must sanitize its environment.
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  char ** clean_env = CopyEnv(envp);
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  if (clean_env == NULL)
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    return 1;
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  RemoveEnv("LIBRARY_PATH", clean_env);
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  RemoveEnv("COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS", clean_env);
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  RemoveEnv("GCC_EXEC_PREFIX", clean_env);
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  RemoveEnv("COMPILER_PATH", clean_env);
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  RemoveEnv("COLLECT_GCC", clean_env);
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  std::vector<const char *> cmd;
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  // Run GCC to assemble and link the program into native code.
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  //
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  // Note:
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  //  We can't just assemble and link the file with the system assembler
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  //  and linker because we don't know where to put the _start symbol.
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  //  GCC mysteriously knows how to do it.
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  cmd.push_back(gcc.c_str());
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  cmd.push_back("-fno-strict-aliasing");
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  cmd.push_back("-O3");
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  cmd.push_back("-o");
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  cmd.push_back(OutputFilename.c_str());
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  cmd.push_back(InputFilename.c_str());
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  // Adding the library paths creates a problem for native generation.  If we
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  // include the search paths from llvmgcc, then we'll be telling normal gcc
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  // to look inside of llvmgcc's library directories for libraries.  This is
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  // bad because those libraries hold only bytecode files (not native object
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  // files).  In the end, we attempt to link the bytecode libgcc into a native
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  // program.
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#if 0
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  // Add in the library path options.
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  for (unsigned index=0; index < LibPaths.size(); index++) {
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    cmd.push_back("-L");
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    cmd.push_back(LibPaths[index].c_str());
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  }
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#endif
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  // Add in the libraries to link.
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  std::vector<std::string> Libs(Libraries);
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  for (unsigned index = 0; index < Libs.size(); index++) {
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    if (Libs[index] != "crtend") {
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      Libs[index] = "-l" + Libs[index];
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      cmd.push_back(Libs[index].c_str());
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    }
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  }
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  cmd.push_back(NULL);
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  // Run the compiler to assembly and link together the program.
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  return ExecWait(&(cmd[0]), clean_env);
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}
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