I really needed this, like, factually, yesterday,
when verifying dependency breaking idioms for AMD Zen 3 scheduler model.
Consider the following example:
```
$ ./bin/llvm-exegesis --mode=inverse_throughput --snippets-file=/tmp/snippet.s --num-repetitions=1000000 --repetition-mode=duplicate
Check generated assembly with: /usr/bin/objdump -d /tmp/snippet-4a7e50.o
---
mode: inverse_throughput
key:
instructions:
- 'VPXORYrr YMM0 YMM0 YMM0'
config: ''
register_initial_values: []
cpu_name: znver3
llvm_triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
num_repetitions: 1000000
measurements:
- { key: inverse_throughput, value: 0.31025, per_snippet_value: 0.31025 }
error: ''
info: ''
assembled_snippet: C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC0C3
...
```
What does it tell us?
So wait, it can only execute ~3 x86 AVX YMM PXOR zero-idioms per cycle?
That doesn't seem right. That's even less than there are pipes supporting this type of op.
Now, second example:
```
$ ./bin/llvm-exegesis --mode=inverse_throughput --snippets-file=/tmp/snippet.s --num-repetitions=1000000 --repetition-mode=loop
Check generated assembly with: /usr/bin/objdump -d /tmp/snippet-2418b5.o
---
mode: inverse_throughput
key:
instructions:
- 'VPXORYrr YMM0 YMM0 YMM0'
config: ''
register_initial_values: []
cpu_name: znver3
llvm_triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
num_repetitions: 1000000
measurements:
- { key: inverse_throughput, value: 1.00011, per_snippet_value: 1.00011 }
error: ''
info: ''
assembled_snippet: 49B80800000000000000C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC04983C0FF75F2C3
...
```
Now that's just worse. Due to the looping, the throughput completely plummeted,
and now we can only do a single instruction/cycle!?
That's not great.
And final example:
```
$ ./bin/llvm-exegesis --mode=inverse_throughput --snippets-file=/tmp/snippet.s --num-repetitions=1000000 --repetition-mode=loop --loop-body-size=1000
Check generated assembly with: /usr/bin/objdump -d /tmp/snippet-c402e2.o
---
mode: inverse_throughput
key:
instructions:
- 'VPXORYrr YMM0 YMM0 YMM0'
config: ''
register_initial_values: []
cpu_name: znver3
llvm_triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
num_repetitions: 1000000
measurements:
- { key: inverse_throughput, value: 0.167087, per_snippet_value: 0.167087 }
error: ''
info: ''
assembled_snippet: 49B80800000000000000C5FDEFC0C5FDEFC04983C0FF75F2C3
...
```
So if we merge the previous two approaches, do duplicate this single-instruction snippet 1000x
(loop-body-size/instruction count in snippet), and run a loop with 1000 iterations
over that duplicated/unrolled snippet, the measured throughput goes through the roof,
up to 5.9 instructions/cycle, which finally tells us that this idiom is zero-cycle!
Reviewed By: courbet
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D102522
Starting with Skylake, the LBR contains the precise number of cycles between the two
consecutive branches.
Making use of this will hopefully make the measurements more precise than the
existing methods of using RDTSC.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D77422
New change: check for existence of field `cycles` in perf_branch_entry before enabling this mode.
This should prevent compilation errors when building for older kernel whose headers don't support it.
From @erichkeane:
```
This patch doesn't seem to build for me:
/iusers/ekeane1/workspaces/llvm-project/llvm/tools/llvm-exegesis/lib/X86/X86Counter.cpp: In function ‘llvm::Error llvm::exegesis::parseDataBuffer(const char*, size_t, const void*, const void*, llvm::SmallVector<long int, 4>*)’:
/iusers/ekeane1/workspaces/llvm-project/llvm/tools/llvm-exegesis/lib/X86/X86Counter.cpp:99:37: error: ‘struct perf_branch_entry’ has no member named ‘cycles’
CycleArray->push_back(Entry.cycles);
I'm on RHEL7, so I have kernel 3.10, so it doesn't have 'cycles'.
According ot this: https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.3/source/include/uapi/linux/perf_event.h#L963 kernel 4.3 is the first time that 'cycles' appeared in this structure.
```
Starting with Skylake, the LBR contains the precise number of cycles between the two
consecutive branches.
Making use of this will hopefully make the measurements more precise than the
existing methods of using RDTSC.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D77422
LBR contains (up to) 16 entries for last x branches and the X86LBRCounter (from D77422) should be able to return all those.
Currently, it just returns the latest entry, which could lead to mis-leading measurements.
This patch aslo changes the LatencyBenchmarkRunner to accommodate multi-value readings.
https://reviews.llvm.org/D81050
Summary:
Using a .data() member on a StringRef was discarding the StringRef
size, breaking llvm-exegesis on machines with counter sums (e.g.
Zen2).
Reviewers: oontvoo
Subscribers: mstojanovic, llvm-commits
Tags: #llvm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D80982
A perf helper is always only ever cretaed to be checked for validity
then passed as Counter ctor argument, never to be touched again.
Its lifetime should outlive that of the counter, and there is never any
reason to have two different counters of top of the perf helper.
Make sure these assumptions always hold by making the Counter consume the
PerfHelper.
Summary:
As noted in documentation, different repetition modes have different trade-offs:
> .. option:: -repetition-mode=[duplicate|loop]
>
> Specify the repetition mode. `duplicate` will create a large, straight line
> basic block with `num-repetitions` copies of the snippet. `loop` will wrap
> the snippet in a loop which will be run `num-repetitions` times. The `loop`
> mode tends to better hide the effects of the CPU frontend on architectures
> that cache decoded instructions, but consumes a register for counting
> iterations.
Indeed. Example:
>>! In D74156#1873657, @lebedev.ri wrote:
> At least for `CMOV`, i'm seeing wildly different results
> | | Latency | RThroughput |
> | duplicate | 1 | 0.8 |
> | loop | 2 | 0.6 |
> where latency=1 seems correct, and i'd expect the througput to be close to 1/2 (since there are two execution units).
This isn't great for analysis, at least for schedule model development.
As discussed in excruciating detail in
>>! In D74156#1924514, @gchatelet wrote:
>>>! In D74156#1920632, @lebedev.ri wrote:
>> ... did that explanation of the question i'm having made any sense?
>
> Thx for digging in the conversation !
> Ok it makes more sense now.
>
> I discussed it a bit with @courbet:
> - We want the analysis tool to stay simple so we'd rather not make it knowledgeable of the repetition mode.
> - We'd like to still be able to select either repetition mode to dig into special cases
>
> So we could add a third `min` repetition mode that would run both and take the minimum. It could be the default option.
> Would you have some time to look what it would take to add this third mode?
there appears to be an agreement that it is indeed sub-par,
and that we should provide an optional, measurement (not analysis!) -time
way to rectify the situation.
However, the solutions isn't entirely straight-forward.
We can just add an actual 'multiplexer' `MinSnippetRepetitor`, because
if we just concatenate snippets produced by `DuplicateSnippetRepetitor`
and `LoopSnippetRepetitor` and run+measure that, the measurement will
naturally be different from what we'd get by running+measuring
them separately and taking the min.
([[ https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%28x%2By%29%2F2+%21%3D+min%28x%2C+y%29 | `time(D+L)/2 != min(time(D), time(L))` ]])
Also, it seems best to me to have a single snippet instead of generating
a snippet per repetition mode, since the only difference here is that the
loop repetition mode reserves one register for loop counter.
As far as i can tell, we can either teach `BenchmarkRunner::runConfiguration()`
to produce a single report given multiple repetitors (as in the patch),
or do that one layer higher - don't modify `BenchmarkRunner::runConfiguration()`,
produce multiple reports, don't actually print each one, but aggregate them somehow
and only print the final one.
Initially i've gone ahead with the latter approach, but it didn't look like a natural fit;
the former (as in the diff) does seem like a better fit to me.
There's also a question of the test coverage. It sure currently does work here:
```
$ ./bin/llvm-exegesis --opcode-name=CMOV64rr --mode=inverse_throughput --repetition-mode=duplicate
Check generated assembly with: /usr/bin/objdump -d /tmp/snippet-8fb949.o
---
mode: inverse_throughput
key:
instructions:
- 'CMOV64rr RAX RAX R11 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RBP RBP R15 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RBX RBX RBX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RCX RCX RBX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RDI RDI R10 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RDX RDX RAX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RSI RSI RAX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R8 R8 R8 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R9 R9 RDX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R10 R10 RBX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R11 R11 R14 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R12 R12 R9 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R13 R13 R12 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R14 R14 R15 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R15 R15 R13 i_0x0'
config: ''
register_initial_values:
- 'RAX=0x0'
- 'R11=0x0'
- 'EFLAGS=0x0'
- 'RBP=0x0'
- 'R15=0x0'
- 'RBX=0x0'
- 'RCX=0x0'
- 'RDI=0x0'
- 'R10=0x0'
- 'RDX=0x0'
- 'RSI=0x0'
- 'R8=0x0'
- 'R9=0x0'
- 'R14=0x0'
- 'R12=0x0'
- 'R13=0x0'
cpu_name: bdver2
llvm_triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
num_repetitions: 10000
measurements:
- { key: inverse_throughput, value: 0.819, per_snippet_value: 12.285 }
error: ''
info: instruction has tied variables, using static renaming.
assembled_snippet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
...
$ ./bin/llvm-exegesis --opcode-name=CMOV64rr --mode=inverse_throughput --repetition-mode=loop
Check generated assembly with: /usr/bin/objdump -d /tmp/snippet-051eb3.o
---
mode: inverse_throughput
key:
instructions:
- 'CMOV64rr RAX RAX R11 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RBP RBP RSI i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RBX RBX R9 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RCX RCX RSI i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RDI RDI RBP i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RDX RDX R9 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RSI RSI RDI i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R9 R9 R12 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R10 R10 R11 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R11 R11 R9 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R12 R12 RBP i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R13 R13 RSI i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R14 R14 R14 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R15 R15 R10 i_0x0'
config: ''
register_initial_values:
- 'RAX=0x0'
- 'R11=0x0'
- 'EFLAGS=0x0'
- 'RBP=0x0'
- 'RSI=0x0'
- 'RBX=0x0'
- 'R9=0x0'
- 'RCX=0x0'
- 'RDI=0x0'
- 'RDX=0x0'
- 'R12=0x0'
- 'R10=0x0'
- 'R13=0x0'
- 'R14=0x0'
- 'R15=0x0'
cpu_name: bdver2
llvm_triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
num_repetitions: 10000
measurements:
- { key: inverse_throughput, value: 0.6083, per_snippet_value: 8.5162 }
error: ''
info: instruction has tied variables, using static renaming.
assembled_snippet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
...
$ ./bin/llvm-exegesis --opcode-name=CMOV64rr --mode=inverse_throughput --repetition-mode=min
Check generated assembly with: /usr/bin/objdump -d /tmp/snippet-c7a47d.o
Check generated assembly with: /usr/bin/objdump -d /tmp/snippet-2581f1.o
---
mode: inverse_throughput
key:
instructions:
- 'CMOV64rr RAX RAX R11 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RBP RBP R10 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RBX RBX R10 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RCX RCX RDX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RDI RDI RAX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RDX RDX R9 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr RSI RSI RAX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R9 R9 RBX i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R10 R10 R12 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R11 R11 RDI i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R12 R12 RDI i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R13 R13 RDI i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R14 R14 R9 i_0x0'
- 'CMOV64rr R15 R15 RBP i_0x0'
config: ''
register_initial_values:
- 'RAX=0x0'
- 'R11=0x0'
- 'EFLAGS=0x0'
- 'RBP=0x0'
- 'R10=0x0'
- 'RBX=0x0'
- 'RCX=0x0'
- 'RDX=0x0'
- 'RDI=0x0'
- 'R9=0x0'
- 'RSI=0x0'
- 'R12=0x0'
- 'R13=0x0'
- 'R14=0x0'
- 'R15=0x0'
cpu_name: bdver2
llvm_triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
num_repetitions: 10000
measurements:
- { key: inverse_throughput, value: 0.6073, per_snippet_value: 8.5022 }
error: ''
info: instruction has tied variables, using static renaming.
assembled_snippet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
...
```
but i open to suggestions as to how test that.
I also have gone with the suggestion to default to this new mode.
This was irking me for some time, so i'm happy to finally see progress here.
Looking forward to feedback.
Reviewers: courbet, gchatelet
Reviewed By: courbet, gchatelet
Subscribers: mstojanovic, RKSimon, llvm-commits, courbet, gchatelet
Tags: #llvm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D76921
Summary: Commit 63bb9fee52 was reverted in
7603bfb4b0 because it broke builds that treat
warnings as errors.
This commit updates the calls to `assembleToStream()` in tests to check that
the return value is valid.
Original commit message:
Followup to D74084.
Replace the use of `report_fatal_error()` with returning the error to
`llvm-exegesis.cpp` and handling it there.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D74325
Followup to D74085.
Replace the use of `report_fatal_error()` with returning the error to
`llvm-exegesis.cpp` and handling it there.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D74325
Followup to D74085.
Replace the use of `report_fatal_error()` with returning the error to
`llvm-exegesis.cpp` and handling it there.
To facilitate this, a new `Error` type has been added which is only used
to log errors to the yaml output.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D74215
This is how it should've been and brings it more in line with
std::string_view. There should be no functional change here.
This is mostly mechanical from a custom clang-tidy check, with a lot of
manual fixups. It uncovers a lot of minor inefficiencies.
This doesn't actually modify StringRef yet, I'll do that in a follow-up.
Summary:
Right now there are no snippet generators that emit the `Config` Field,
but I plan to add it to investigate LEA operands for PR32326.
What was broken was:
- `Config` Was not propagated up until the BenchmarkResult::Key.
- Clustering should really consider different configs as measuring
different things, so we should stabilize on (Opcode, Config) instead of
just Opcode.
Reviewers: gchatelet
Subscribers: tschuett, llvm-commits, lebedev.ri
Tags: #llvm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D68629
llvm-svn: 374031
Summary:
Before this change the Executable function was made by duplicating the
snippet. This change adds a --repetion-mode={loop|duplicate} flag that
allows choosing between this behaviour and wrapping the snippet instructions
in a loop.
The new mode can help measurements when the snippet fits in the DSB by
short-cirtcuiting decoding. The loop adds a dec + jmp to the measurements, but
since these are not part of the critical path, they execute in parallel
with the measured code and do not impact measurements in practice.
Overview of the change:
- New SnippetRepetitor abstraction that handles repeating the snippet.
The assembler delegates repeating the instructions to this class.
- ExegesisTarget learns how to decrement loop counter and jump.
- Some refactoring of the assembler into FunctionFiller/BasicBlockFiller.
Reviewers: gchatelet
Subscribers: mgorny, tschuett, llvm-commits
Tags: #llvm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D68125
llvm-svn: 373083
Now that we've moved to C++14, we no longer need the llvm::make_unique
implementation from STLExtras.h. This patch is a mechanical replacement
of (hopefully) all the llvm::make_unique instances across the monorepo.
llvm-svn: 369013
It was previously writing this temporary snippet to file,
then reading it back, but leaving the tmp file in place.
This is both unefficient, and results in huge garbage pileup
in /tmp.
One would have thought it would have been caught during D60317..
llvm-svn: 360138
to reflect the new license.
We understand that people may be surprised that we're moving the header
entirely to discuss the new license. We checked this carefully with the
Foundation's lawyer and we believe this is the correct approach.
Essentially, all code in the project is now made available by the LLVM
project under our new license, so you will see that the license headers
include that license only. Some of our contributors have contributed
code under our old license, and accordingly, we have retained a copy of
our old license notice in the top-level files in each project and
repository.
llvm-svn: 351636
Summary: SNB is the only one that has P23 as a single proc res.
Reviewers: gchatelet
Subscribers: tschuett, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D53766
llvm-svn: 345480
Summary:
This allows simplifying references of llvm::foo with foo when the needs
come in the future.
Reviewers: courbet, gchatelet
Reviewed By: gchatelet
Subscribers: javed.absar, tschuett, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D53455
llvm-svn: 344922
Summary:
We try to recover gracefully on instructions that would crash the
program.
This includes some refactoring of runMeasurement() implementations.
Reviewers: gchatelet
Subscribers: tschuett, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D53371
llvm-svn: 344695
Summary:
This is a step towards fixing PR38048.
Note that right now the measurements are given per instruction. We'll
need to give measurements a per code snippet and update the analysis (PR38731).
Reviewers: gchatelet
Subscribers: tschuett, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D52041
llvm-svn: 342947
Summary:
Added function to set a register to a particular value + tests.
Add EFLAGS test, use new setRegTo instead of setRegToConstant.
Reviewers: courbet, javed.absar
Subscribers: llvm-commits, tschuett, mgorny
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D52297
llvm-svn: 342644
rL342465 is breaking the MSVC buildbots, but I need to revert this dependent revision as well.
Summary:
Added function to set a register to a particular value + tests.
Add EFLAGS test, use new setRegTo instead of setRegToConstant.
Reviewers: courbet, javed.absar
Subscribers: mgorny, tschuett, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D51856
llvm-svn: 342489
Summary:
Added function to set a register to a particular value + tests.
Add EFLAGS test, use new setRegTo instead of setRegToConstant.
Reviewers: courbet, javed.absar
Subscribers: mgorny, tschuett, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D51856
llvm-svn: 342466
Summary:
The snippet-generation part goes to the SnippetGenerator class.
This will allow benchmarking arbitrary code (see PR38437).
Reviewers: gchatelet
Subscribers: mgorny, tschuett, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D51979
llvm-svn: 342117
Roman Lebedev