llvm-project/clang/include/clang/Tooling/Syntax/Tree.h

//===- Tree.h - structure of the syntax tree ------------------*- C++ -*-=====//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Defines the basic structure of the syntax tree. There are two kinds of nodes:
//   - leaf nodes correspond to a token in the expanded token stream,
//   - tree nodes correspond to language grammar constructs.
//
// The tree is initially built from an AST. Each node of a newly built tree
// covers a continous subrange of expanded tokens (i.e. tokens after
// preprocessing), the specific tokens coverered are stored in the leaf nodes of
// a tree. A post-order traversal of a tree will visit leaf nodes in an order
// corresponding the original order of expanded tokens.
//
// This is still work in progress and highly experimental, we leave room for
// ourselves to completely change the design and/or implementation.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_TOOLING_SYNTAX_TREE_CASCADE_H
#define LLVM_CLANG_TOOLING_SYNTAX_TREE_CASCADE_H

#include "clang/Basic/LangOptions.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceLocation.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TokenKinds.h"
#include "clang/Tooling/Syntax/Tokens.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Allocator.h"
#include <cstdint>

namespace clang {
namespace syntax {

/// A memory arena for syntax trees. Also tracks the underlying token buffers,
/// source manager, etc.
class Arena {
public:
  Arena(SourceManager &SourceMgr, const LangOptions &LangOpts,
        const TokenBuffer &Tokens);

  const SourceManager &sourceManager() const { return SourceMgr; }
  const LangOptions &langOptions() const { return LangOpts; }

  const TokenBuffer &tokenBuffer() const;
  llvm::BumpPtrAllocator &allocator() { return Allocator; }

  /// Add \p Buffer to the underlying source manager, tokenize it and store the
  /// resulting tokens. Useful when there is a need to materialize tokens that
  /// were not written in user code.
  std::pair<FileID, ArrayRef<Token>>
  lexBuffer(std::unique_ptr<llvm::MemoryBuffer> Buffer);

private:
  SourceManager &SourceMgr;
  const LangOptions &LangOpts;
  const TokenBuffer &Tokens;
  /// IDs and storage for additional tokenized files.
  llvm::DenseMap<FileID, std::vector<Token>> ExtraTokens;
  /// Keeps all the allocated nodes and their intermediate data structures.
  llvm::BumpPtrAllocator Allocator;
};

class Tree;
class TreeBuilder;
class FactoryImpl;
class MutationsImpl;

enum class NodeKind : uint16_t;
enum class NodeRole : uint8_t;

/// A node in a syntax tree. Each node is either a Leaf (representing tokens) or
/// a Tree (representing language constructrs).
class Node {
public:
  /// Newly created nodes are detached from a tree, parent and sibling links are
  /// set when the node is added as a child to another one.
  Node(NodeKind Kind);

  NodeKind kind() const { return static_cast<NodeKind>(Kind); }
  NodeRole role() const { return static_cast<NodeRole>(Role); }

  /// Whether the node is detached from a tree, i.e. does not have a parent.
  bool isDetached() const;
  /// Whether the node was created from the AST backed by the source code
  /// rather than added later through mutation APIs or created with factory
  /// functions.
  /// When this flag is true, all subtrees are also original.
  /// This flag is set to false on any modifications to the node or any of its
  /// subtrees, even if this simply involves swapping existing subtrees.
  bool isOriginal() const { return Original; }
  /// If this function return false, the tree cannot be modified because there
  /// is no reasonable way to produce the corresponding textual replacements.
  /// This can happen when the node crosses macro expansion boundaries.
  ///
  /// Note that even if the node is not modifiable, its child nodes can be
  /// modifiable.
  bool canModify() const { return CanModify; }

  const Tree *parent() const { return Parent; }
  Tree *parent() { return Parent; }

  const Node *nextSibling() const { return NextSibling; }
  Node *nextSibling() { return NextSibling; }

  /// Dumps the structure of a subtree. For debugging and testing purposes.
  std::string dump(const Arena &A) const;
  /// Dumps the tokens forming this subtree.
  std::string dumpTokens(const Arena &A) const;

  /// Asserts invariants on this node of the tree and its immediate children.
  /// Will not recurse into the subtree. No-op if NDEBUG is set.
  void assertInvariants() const;
  /// Runs checkInvariants on all nodes in the subtree. No-op if NDEBUG is set.
  void assertInvariantsRecursive() const;

private:
  // Tree is allowed to change the Parent link and Role.
  friend class Tree;
  // TreeBuilder is allowed to set the Original and CanModify flags.
  friend class TreeBuilder;
  // MutationsImpl sets roles and CanModify flag.
  friend class MutationsImpl;
  // FactoryImpl sets CanModify flag.
  friend class FactoryImpl;

  void setRole(NodeRole NR);

  Tree *Parent;
  Node *NextSibling;
  unsigned Kind : 16;
  unsigned Role : 8;
  unsigned Original : 1;
  unsigned CanModify : 1;
};

/// A leaf node points to a single token inside the expanded token stream.
class Leaf final : public Node {
public:
  Leaf(const Token *T);
  static bool classof(const Node *N);

  const Token *token() const { return Tok; }

private:
  const Token *Tok;
};

/// A node that has children and represents a syntactic language construct.
class Tree : public Node {
public:
  using Node::Node;
  static bool classof(const Node *N);

  Node *firstChild() { return FirstChild; }
  const Node *firstChild() const { return FirstChild; }

  Leaf *firstLeaf();
  const Leaf *firstLeaf() const {
    return const_cast<Tree *>(this)->firstLeaf();
  }

  Leaf *lastLeaf();
  const Leaf *lastLeaf() const { return const_cast<Tree *>(this)->lastLeaf(); }

protected:
  /// Find the first node with a corresponding role.
  Node *findChild(NodeRole R);

private:
  /// Prepend \p Child to the list of children and and sets the parent pointer.
  /// A very low-level operation that does not check any invariants, only used
  /// by TreeBuilder and FactoryImpl.
  /// EXPECTS: Role != Detached.
  void prependChildLowLevel(Node *Child, NodeRole Role);
  /// Like the previous overload, but does not set role for \p Child.
  /// EXPECTS: Child->Role != Detached
  void prependChildLowLevel(Node *Child);
  friend class TreeBuilder;
  friend class FactoryImpl;

  /// Replace a range of children [BeforeBegin->NextSibling, End) with a list of
  /// new nodes starting at \p New.
  /// Only used by MutationsImpl to implement higher-level mutation operations.
  /// (!) \p New can be null to model removal of the child range.
  void replaceChildRangeLowLevel(Node *BeforeBegin, Node *End, Node *New);
  friend class MutationsImpl;

  Node *FirstChild = nullptr;
};

/// A list of Elements separated or terminated by a fixed token.
///
/// This type models the following grammar construct:
/// delimited-list(element, delimiter, termination, canBeEmpty)
class List : public Tree {
public:
  template <typename Element> struct ElementAndDelimiter {
    Element *element;
    Leaf *delimiter;
  };

  enum class TerminationKind {
    Terminated,
    MaybeTerminated,
    Separated,
  };

  using Tree::Tree;
  /// Returns the elements and corresponding delimiters. Missing elements
  /// and delimiters are represented as null pointers.
  ///
  /// For example, in a separated list:
  /// "a, b, c" <=> [("a", ","), ("b", ","), ("c", null)]
  /// "a, , c" <=> [("a", ","), (null, ","), ("c", ",)]
  /// "a, b," <=> [("a", ","), ("b", ","), (null, null)]
  ///
  /// In a terminated or maybe-terminated list:
  /// "a, b," <=> [("a", ","), ("b", ",")]
  std::vector<ElementAndDelimiter<Node>> getElementsAsNodesAndDelimiters();

  /// Returns the elements of the list. Missing elements are represented
  /// as null pointers in the same way as in the return value of
  /// `getElementsAsNodesAndDelimiters()`.
  std::vector<Node *> getElementsAsNodes();

  // These can't be implemented with the information we have!

  /// Returns the appropriate delimiter for this list.
  ///
  /// Useful for discovering the correct delimiter to use when adding
  /// elements to empty or one-element lists.
  clang::tok::TokenKind getDelimiterTokenKind();

  TerminationKind getTerminationKind();

  /// Whether this list can be empty in syntactically and semantically correct
  /// code.
  ///
  /// This list may be empty when the source code has errors even if
  /// canBeEmpty() returns false.
  bool canBeEmpty();
};

} // namespace syntax
} // namespace clang

#endif