516 lines
		
	
	
		
			20 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			516 lines
		
	
	
		
			20 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
| //===- ExprEngineCXX.cpp - ExprEngine support for C++ -----------*- C++ -*-===//
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| //
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| //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
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| //
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| // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
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| // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
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| //
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| //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
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| //
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| //  This file defines the C++ expression evaluation engine.
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| //
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| //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
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| 
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| #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ExprEngine.h"
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| #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
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| #include "clang/AST/StmtCXX.h"
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| #include "clang/Basic/PrettyStackTrace.h"
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| #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
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| #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/AnalysisManager.h"
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| #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallEvent.h"
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| 
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| using namespace clang;
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| using namespace ento;
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| 
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| void ExprEngine::CreateCXXTemporaryObject(const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *ME,
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|                                           ExplodedNode *Pred,
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|                                           ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
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|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(Pred, Dst, *currBldrCtx);
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|   const Expr *tempExpr = ME->GetTemporaryExpr()->IgnoreParens();
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|   ProgramStateRef state = Pred->getState();
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|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
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| 
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|   state = createTemporaryRegionIfNeeded(state, LCtx, tempExpr, ME);
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|   Bldr.generateNode(ME, Pred, state);
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| }
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| 
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| // FIXME: This is the sort of code that should eventually live in a Core
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| // checker rather than as a special case in ExprEngine.
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| void ExprEngine::performTrivialCopy(NodeBuilder &Bldr, ExplodedNode *Pred,
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|                                     const CallEvent &Call) {
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|   SVal ThisVal;
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|   bool AlwaysReturnsLValue;
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|   if (const CXXConstructorCall *Ctor = dyn_cast<CXXConstructorCall>(&Call)) {
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|     assert(Ctor->getDecl()->isTrivial());
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|     assert(Ctor->getDecl()->isCopyOrMoveConstructor());
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|     ThisVal = Ctor->getCXXThisVal();
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|     AlwaysReturnsLValue = false;
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|   } else {
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|     assert(cast<CXXMethodDecl>(Call.getDecl())->isTrivial());
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|     assert(cast<CXXMethodDecl>(Call.getDecl())->getOverloadedOperator() ==
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|            OO_Equal);
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|     ThisVal = cast<CXXInstanceCall>(Call).getCXXThisVal();
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|     AlwaysReturnsLValue = true;
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|   }
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| 
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|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet Dst;
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|   Bldr.takeNodes(Pred);
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| 
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|   SVal V = Call.getArgSVal(0);
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| 
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|   // If the value being copied is not unknown, load from its location to get
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|   // an aggregate rvalue.
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|   if (Optional<Loc> L = V.getAs<Loc>())
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|     V = Pred->getState()->getSVal(*L);
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|   else
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|     assert(V.isUnknown());
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| 
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|   const Expr *CallExpr = Call.getOriginExpr();
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|   evalBind(Dst, CallExpr, Pred, ThisVal, V, true);
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| 
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|   PostStmt PS(CallExpr, LCtx);
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|   for (ExplodedNodeSet::iterator I = Dst.begin(), E = Dst.end();
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|        I != E; ++I) {
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|     ProgramStateRef State = (*I)->getState();
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|     if (AlwaysReturnsLValue)
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|       State = State->BindExpr(CallExpr, LCtx, ThisVal);
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|     else
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|       State = bindReturnValue(Call, LCtx, State);
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|     Bldr.generateNode(PS, State, *I);
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|   }
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| }
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| 
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| 
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| /// Returns a region representing the first element of a (possibly
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| /// multi-dimensional) array.
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| ///
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| /// On return, \p Ty will be set to the base type of the array.
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| ///
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| /// If the type is not an array type at all, the original value is returned.
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| static SVal makeZeroElementRegion(ProgramStateRef State, SVal LValue,
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|                                   QualType &Ty) {
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|   SValBuilder &SVB = State->getStateManager().getSValBuilder();
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|   ASTContext &Ctx = SVB.getContext();
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| 
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|   while (const ArrayType *AT = Ctx.getAsArrayType(Ty)) {
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|     Ty = AT->getElementType();
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|     LValue = State->getLValue(Ty, SVB.makeZeroArrayIndex(), LValue);
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|   }
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| 
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|   return LValue;
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| }
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| 
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| 
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| static const MemRegion *getRegionForConstructedObject(
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|     const CXXConstructExpr *CE, ExplodedNode *Pred, ExprEngine &Eng,
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|     unsigned int CurrStmtIdx) {
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|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
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|   ProgramStateRef State = Pred->getState();
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|   const NodeBuilderContext &CurrBldrCtx = Eng.getBuilderContext();
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| 
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|   // See if we're constructing an existing region by looking at the next
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|   // element in the CFG.
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|   const CFGBlock *B = CurrBldrCtx.getBlock();
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|   unsigned int NextStmtIdx = CurrStmtIdx + 1;
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|   if (NextStmtIdx < B->size()) {
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|     CFGElement Next = (*B)[NextStmtIdx];
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| 
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|     // Is this a destructor? If so, we might be in the middle of an assignment
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|     // to a local or member: look ahead one more element to see what we find.
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|     while (Next.getAs<CFGImplicitDtor>() && NextStmtIdx + 1 < B->size()) {
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|       ++NextStmtIdx;
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|       Next = (*B)[NextStmtIdx];
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|     }
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| 
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|     // Is this a constructor for a local variable?
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|     if (Optional<CFGStmt> StmtElem = Next.getAs<CFGStmt>()) {
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|       if (const DeclStmt *DS = dyn_cast<DeclStmt>(StmtElem->getStmt())) {
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|         if (const VarDecl *Var = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DS->getSingleDecl())) {
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|           if (Var->getInit() && Var->getInit()->IgnoreImplicit() == CE) {
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|             SVal LValue = State->getLValue(Var, LCtx);
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|             QualType Ty = Var->getType();
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|             LValue = makeZeroElementRegion(State, LValue, Ty);
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|             return LValue.getAsRegion();
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|           }
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|         }
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|       }
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|     }
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| 
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|     // Is this a constructor for a member?
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|     if (Optional<CFGInitializer> InitElem = Next.getAs<CFGInitializer>()) {
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|       const CXXCtorInitializer *Init = InitElem->getInitializer();
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|       assert(Init->isAnyMemberInitializer());
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| 
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|       const CXXMethodDecl *CurCtor = cast<CXXMethodDecl>(LCtx->getDecl());
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|       Loc ThisPtr = Eng.getSValBuilder().getCXXThis(CurCtor,
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|           LCtx->getCurrentStackFrame());
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|       SVal ThisVal = State->getSVal(ThisPtr);
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| 
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|       const ValueDecl *Field;
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|       SVal FieldVal;
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|       if (Init->isIndirectMemberInitializer()) {
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|         Field = Init->getIndirectMember();
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|         FieldVal = State->getLValue(Init->getIndirectMember(), ThisVal);
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|       } else {
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|         Field = Init->getMember();
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|         FieldVal = State->getLValue(Init->getMember(), ThisVal);
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|       }
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| 
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|       QualType Ty = Field->getType();
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|       FieldVal = makeZeroElementRegion(State, FieldVal, Ty);
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|       return FieldVal.getAsRegion();
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|     }
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| 
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|     // FIXME: This will eventually need to handle new-expressions as well.
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|     // Don't forget to update the pre-constructor initialization code in
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|     // ExprEngine::VisitCXXConstructExpr.
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|   }
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| 
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|   // If we couldn't find an existing region to construct into, assume we're
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|   // constructing a temporary.
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|   MemRegionManager &MRMgr = Eng.getSValBuilder().getRegionManager();
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|   return MRMgr.getCXXTempObjectRegion(CE, LCtx);
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| }
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| 
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| void ExprEngine::VisitCXXConstructExpr(const CXXConstructExpr *CE,
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|                                        ExplodedNode *Pred,
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|                                        ExplodedNodeSet &destNodes) {
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|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
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|   ProgramStateRef State = Pred->getState();
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| 
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|   const MemRegion *Target = nullptr;
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| 
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|   // FIXME: Handle arrays, which run the same constructor for every element.
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|   // For now, we just run the first constructor (which should still invalidate
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|   // the entire array).
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| 
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|   switch (CE->getConstructionKind()) {
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|   case CXXConstructExpr::CK_Complete: {
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|     Target = getRegionForConstructedObject(CE, Pred, *this, currStmtIdx);
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|     break;
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|   }
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|   case CXXConstructExpr::CK_VirtualBase:
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|     // Make sure we are not calling virtual base class initializers twice.
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|     // Only the most-derived object should initialize virtual base classes.
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|     if (const Stmt *Outer = LCtx->getCurrentStackFrame()->getCallSite()) {
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|       const CXXConstructExpr *OuterCtor = dyn_cast<CXXConstructExpr>(Outer);
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|       if (OuterCtor) {
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|         switch (OuterCtor->getConstructionKind()) {
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|         case CXXConstructExpr::CK_NonVirtualBase:
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|         case CXXConstructExpr::CK_VirtualBase:
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|           // Bail out!
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|           destNodes.Add(Pred);
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|           return;
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|         case CXXConstructExpr::CK_Complete:
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|         case CXXConstructExpr::CK_Delegating:
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|           break;
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|         }
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|       }
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|     }
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|     // FALLTHROUGH
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|   case CXXConstructExpr::CK_NonVirtualBase:
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|   case CXXConstructExpr::CK_Delegating: {
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|     const CXXMethodDecl *CurCtor = cast<CXXMethodDecl>(LCtx->getDecl());
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|     Loc ThisPtr = getSValBuilder().getCXXThis(CurCtor,
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|                                               LCtx->getCurrentStackFrame());
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|     SVal ThisVal = State->getSVal(ThisPtr);
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| 
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|     if (CE->getConstructionKind() == CXXConstructExpr::CK_Delegating) {
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|       Target = ThisVal.getAsRegion();
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|     } else {
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|       // Cast to the base type.
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|       bool IsVirtual =
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|         (CE->getConstructionKind() == CXXConstructExpr::CK_VirtualBase);
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|       SVal BaseVal = getStoreManager().evalDerivedToBase(ThisVal, CE->getType(),
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|                                                          IsVirtual);
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|       Target = BaseVal.getAsRegion();
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|     }
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|     break;
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|   }
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|   }
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| 
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|   CallEventManager &CEMgr = getStateManager().getCallEventManager();
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|   CallEventRef<CXXConstructorCall> Call =
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|     CEMgr.getCXXConstructorCall(CE, Target, State, LCtx);
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstPreVisit;
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPreStmt(DstPreVisit, Pred, CE, *this);
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet PreInitialized;
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|   {
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|     StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(DstPreVisit, PreInitialized, *currBldrCtx);
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|     if (CE->requiresZeroInitialization()) {
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|       // Type of the zero doesn't matter.
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|       SVal ZeroVal = svalBuilder.makeZeroVal(getContext().CharTy);
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| 
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|       for (ExplodedNodeSet::iterator I = DstPreVisit.begin(),
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|                                      E = DstPreVisit.end();
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|            I != E; ++I) {
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|         ProgramStateRef State = (*I)->getState();
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|         // FIXME: Once we properly handle constructors in new-expressions, we'll
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|         // need to invalidate the region before setting a default value, to make
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|         // sure there aren't any lingering bindings around. This probably needs
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|         // to happen regardless of whether or not the object is zero-initialized
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|         // to handle random fields of a placement-initialized object picking up
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|         // old bindings. We might only want to do it when we need to, though.
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|         // FIXME: This isn't actually correct for arrays -- we need to zero-
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|         // initialize the entire array, not just the first element -- but our
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|         // handling of arrays everywhere else is weak as well, so this shouldn't
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|         // actually make things worse. Placement new makes this tricky as well,
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|         // since it's then possible to be initializing one part of a multi-
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|         // dimensional array.
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|         State = State->bindDefault(loc::MemRegionVal(Target), ZeroVal);
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|         Bldr.generateNode(CE, *I, State, /*tag=*/nullptr,
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|                           ProgramPoint::PreStmtKind);
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|       }
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|     }
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|   }
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstPreCall;
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPreCall(DstPreCall, PreInitialized,
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|                                             *Call, *this);
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstEvaluated;
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|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(DstPreCall, DstEvaluated, *currBldrCtx);
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| 
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|   bool IsArray = isa<ElementRegion>(Target);
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|   if (CE->getConstructor()->isTrivial() &&
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|       CE->getConstructor()->isCopyOrMoveConstructor() &&
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|       !IsArray) {
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|     // FIXME: Handle other kinds of trivial constructors as well.
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|     for (ExplodedNodeSet::iterator I = DstPreCall.begin(), E = DstPreCall.end();
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|          I != E; ++I)
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|       performTrivialCopy(Bldr, *I, *Call);
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| 
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|   } else {
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|     for (ExplodedNodeSet::iterator I = DstPreCall.begin(), E = DstPreCall.end();
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|          I != E; ++I)
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|       defaultEvalCall(Bldr, *I, *Call);
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|   }
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstPostCall;
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPostCall(DstPostCall, DstEvaluated,
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|                                              *Call, *this);
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPostStmt(destNodes, DstPostCall, CE, *this);
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| }
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| 
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| void ExprEngine::VisitCXXDestructor(QualType ObjectType,
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|                                     const MemRegion *Dest,
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|                                     const Stmt *S,
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|                                     bool IsBaseDtor,
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|                                     ExplodedNode *Pred, 
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|                                     ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
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|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
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|   ProgramStateRef State = Pred->getState();
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| 
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|   // FIXME: We need to run the same destructor on every element of the array.
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|   // This workaround will just run the first destructor (which will still
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|   // invalidate the entire array).
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|   SVal DestVal = UnknownVal();
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|   if (Dest)
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|     DestVal = loc::MemRegionVal(Dest);
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|   DestVal = makeZeroElementRegion(State, DestVal, ObjectType);
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|   Dest = DestVal.getAsRegion();
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| 
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|   const CXXRecordDecl *RecordDecl = ObjectType->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
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|   assert(RecordDecl && "Only CXXRecordDecls should have destructors");
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|   const CXXDestructorDecl *DtorDecl = RecordDecl->getDestructor();
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| 
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|   CallEventManager &CEMgr = getStateManager().getCallEventManager();
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|   CallEventRef<CXXDestructorCall> Call =
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|     CEMgr.getCXXDestructorCall(DtorDecl, S, Dest, IsBaseDtor, State, LCtx);
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| 
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|   PrettyStackTraceLoc CrashInfo(getContext().getSourceManager(),
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|                                 Call->getSourceRange().getBegin(),
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|                                 "Error evaluating destructor");
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstPreCall;
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPreCall(DstPreCall, Pred,
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|                                             *Call, *this);
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstInvalidated;
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|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(DstPreCall, DstInvalidated, *currBldrCtx);
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|   for (ExplodedNodeSet::iterator I = DstPreCall.begin(), E = DstPreCall.end();
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|        I != E; ++I)
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|     defaultEvalCall(Bldr, *I, *Call);
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstPostCall;
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPostCall(Dst, DstInvalidated,
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|                                              *Call, *this);
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| }
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| 
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| void ExprEngine::VisitCXXNewAllocatorCall(const CXXNewExpr *CNE,
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|                                           ExplodedNode *Pred,
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|                                           ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
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|   ProgramStateRef State = Pred->getState();
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|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
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|   PrettyStackTraceLoc CrashInfo(getContext().getSourceManager(),
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|                                 CNE->getStartLoc(),
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|                                 "Error evaluating New Allocator Call");
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|   CallEventManager &CEMgr = getStateManager().getCallEventManager();
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|   CallEventRef<CXXAllocatorCall> Call =
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|     CEMgr.getCXXAllocatorCall(CNE, State, LCtx);
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstPreCall;
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPreCall(DstPreCall, Pred,
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|                                             *Call, *this);
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| 
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|   ExplodedNodeSet DstInvalidated;
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|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(DstPreCall, DstInvalidated, *currBldrCtx);
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|   for (ExplodedNodeSet::iterator I = DstPreCall.begin(), E = DstPreCall.end();
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|        I != E; ++I)
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|     defaultEvalCall(Bldr, *I, *Call);
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|   getCheckerManager().runCheckersForPostCall(Dst, DstInvalidated,
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|                                              *Call, *this);
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| }
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| 
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| 
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| void ExprEngine::VisitCXXNewExpr(const CXXNewExpr *CNE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
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|                                    ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
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|   // FIXME: Much of this should eventually migrate to CXXAllocatorCall.
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|   // Also, we need to decide how allocators actually work -- they're not
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|   // really part of the CXXNewExpr because they happen BEFORE the
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|   // CXXConstructExpr subexpression. See PR12014 for some discussion.
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|   
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|   unsigned blockCount = currBldrCtx->blockCount();
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|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
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|   DefinedOrUnknownSVal symVal = UnknownVal();
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|   FunctionDecl *FD = CNE->getOperatorNew();
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| 
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|   bool IsStandardGlobalOpNewFunction = false;
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|   if (FD && !isa<CXXMethodDecl>(FD) && !FD->isVariadic()) {
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|     if (FD->getNumParams() == 2) {
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|       QualType T = FD->getParamDecl(1)->getType();
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|       if (const IdentifierInfo *II = T.getBaseTypeIdentifier())
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|         // NoThrow placement new behaves as a standard new.
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|         IsStandardGlobalOpNewFunction = II->getName().equals("nothrow_t");
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|     }
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|     else
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|       // Placement forms are considered non-standard.
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|       IsStandardGlobalOpNewFunction = (FD->getNumParams() == 1);
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|   }
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| 
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|   // We assume all standard global 'operator new' functions allocate memory in 
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|   // heap. We realize this is an approximation that might not correctly model 
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|   // a custom global allocator.
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|   if (IsStandardGlobalOpNewFunction)
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|     symVal = svalBuilder.getConjuredHeapSymbolVal(CNE, LCtx, blockCount);
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|   else
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|     symVal = svalBuilder.conjureSymbolVal(nullptr, CNE, LCtx, CNE->getType(),
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|                                           blockCount);
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| 
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|   ProgramStateRef State = Pred->getState();
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|   CallEventManager &CEMgr = getStateManager().getCallEventManager();
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|   CallEventRef<CXXAllocatorCall> Call =
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|     CEMgr.getCXXAllocatorCall(CNE, State, LCtx);
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| 
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|   // Invalidate placement args.
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|   // FIXME: Once we figure out how we want allocators to work,
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|   // we should be using the usual pre-/(default-)eval-/post-call checks here.
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|   State = Call->invalidateRegions(blockCount);
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|   if (!State)
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|     return;
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| 
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|   // If this allocation function is not declared as non-throwing, failures
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|   // /must/ be signalled by exceptions, and thus the return value will never be
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|   // NULL. -fno-exceptions does not influence this semantics.
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|   // FIXME: GCC has a -fcheck-new option, which forces it to consider the case
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|   // where new can return NULL. If we end up supporting that option, we can
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|   // consider adding a check for it here.
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|   // C++11 [basic.stc.dynamic.allocation]p3.
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|   if (FD) {
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|     QualType Ty = FD->getType();
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|     if (const FunctionProtoType *ProtoType = Ty->getAs<FunctionProtoType>())
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|       if (!ProtoType->isNothrow(getContext()))
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|         State = State->assume(symVal, true);
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|   }
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| 
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|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(Pred, Dst, *currBldrCtx);
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| 
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|   if (CNE->isArray()) {
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|     // FIXME: allocating an array requires simulating the constructors.
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|     // For now, just return a symbolicated region.
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|     const MemRegion *NewReg = symVal.castAs<loc::MemRegionVal>().getRegion();
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|     QualType ObjTy = CNE->getType()->getAs<PointerType>()->getPointeeType();
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|     const ElementRegion *EleReg =
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|       getStoreManager().GetElementZeroRegion(NewReg, ObjTy);
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|     State = State->BindExpr(CNE, Pred->getLocationContext(),
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|                             loc::MemRegionVal(EleReg));
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|     Bldr.generateNode(CNE, Pred, State);
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|     return;
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|   }
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| 
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|   // FIXME: Once we have proper support for CXXConstructExprs inside
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|   // CXXNewExpr, we need to make sure that the constructed object is not
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|   // immediately invalidated here. (The placement call should happen before
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|   // the constructor call anyway.)
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|   SVal Result = symVal;
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|   if (FD && FD->isReservedGlobalPlacementOperator()) {
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|     // Non-array placement new should always return the placement location.
 | |
|     SVal PlacementLoc = State->getSVal(CNE->getPlacementArg(0), LCtx);
 | |
|     Result = svalBuilder.evalCast(PlacementLoc, CNE->getType(),
 | |
|                                   CNE->getPlacementArg(0)->getType());
 | |
|   }
 | |
| 
 | |
|   // Bind the address of the object, then check to see if we cached out.
 | |
|   State = State->BindExpr(CNE, LCtx, Result);
 | |
|   ExplodedNode *NewN = Bldr.generateNode(CNE, Pred, State);
 | |
|   if (!NewN)
 | |
|     return;
 | |
| 
 | |
|   // If the type is not a record, we won't have a CXXConstructExpr as an
 | |
|   // initializer. Copy the value over.
 | |
|   if (const Expr *Init = CNE->getInitializer()) {
 | |
|     if (!isa<CXXConstructExpr>(Init)) {
 | |
|       assert(Bldr.getResults().size() == 1);
 | |
|       Bldr.takeNodes(NewN);
 | |
|       evalBind(Dst, CNE, NewN, Result, State->getSVal(Init, LCtx),
 | |
|                /*FirstInit=*/IsStandardGlobalOpNewFunction);
 | |
|     }
 | |
|   }
 | |
| }
 | |
| 
 | |
| void ExprEngine::VisitCXXDeleteExpr(const CXXDeleteExpr *CDE, 
 | |
|                                     ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
 | |
|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(Pred, Dst, *currBldrCtx);
 | |
|   ProgramStateRef state = Pred->getState();
 | |
|   Bldr.generateNode(CDE, Pred, state);
 | |
| }
 | |
| 
 | |
| void ExprEngine::VisitCXXCatchStmt(const CXXCatchStmt *CS,
 | |
|                                    ExplodedNode *Pred,
 | |
|                                    ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
 | |
|   const VarDecl *VD = CS->getExceptionDecl();
 | |
|   if (!VD) {
 | |
|     Dst.Add(Pred);
 | |
|     return;
 | |
|   }
 | |
| 
 | |
|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
 | |
|   SVal V = svalBuilder.conjureSymbolVal(CS, LCtx, VD->getType(),
 | |
|                                         currBldrCtx->blockCount());
 | |
|   ProgramStateRef state = Pred->getState();
 | |
|   state = state->bindLoc(state->getLValue(VD, LCtx), V);
 | |
| 
 | |
|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(Pred, Dst, *currBldrCtx);
 | |
|   Bldr.generateNode(CS, Pred, state);
 | |
| }
 | |
| 
 | |
| void ExprEngine::VisitCXXThisExpr(const CXXThisExpr *TE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
 | |
|                                     ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
 | |
|   StmtNodeBuilder Bldr(Pred, Dst, *currBldrCtx);
 | |
| 
 | |
|   // Get the this object region from StoreManager.
 | |
|   const LocationContext *LCtx = Pred->getLocationContext();
 | |
|   const MemRegion *R =
 | |
|     svalBuilder.getRegionManager().getCXXThisRegion(
 | |
|                                   getContext().getCanonicalType(TE->getType()),
 | |
|                                                     LCtx);
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ProgramStateRef state = Pred->getState();
 | |
|   SVal V = state->getSVal(loc::MemRegionVal(R));
 | |
|   Bldr.generateNode(TE, Pred, state->BindExpr(TE, LCtx, V));
 | |
| }
 |